You might have heart about 8 bit computer, 16 bit computer, 32 bit computers etc. This refers to the word length of the memory of a particular computer in terms of total number of bits per memory words. word length is an important architectural factor. Small machines have word length of 8,16 or 32 bits whereas large machines have word word lengths of 64 bits or more. what is the advantage of having more number of bits per word.
For the answer to the above question, if you have as 8 bits compute, if means that the word length of your computer is one byte, so the processor can access one byte 8 bit of data at a time. In a 16 bit computer the word length is two byte so the processor can access two bytes 16 bits memory to fetch the data to the cpu through cache memory. Cache memory if faster than the main memory.
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